Trend · rank 212 of 250

Hydrogen & low-carbon fuels

Low-carbon hydrogen, ammonia, synthetic fuels and advanced biofuels are scaling slowly for uses electricity cannot serve, with cost, feedstock and infrastructure deciding which nations can supply heavy industry and long-distance transport.

Production & InnovationTrade, industry & supply chainsclean energycarbonmanufacturing

Second pass: Carried forward from the first pass unchanged. Held by all three panel models.

Sensitivity and network position

Rank
212of 250
Sensitivity
4.2rank 227
Breadth
1of 20 scenarios High or above
PageRank
24.6rank 187
Eigenvector
0.3
Betweenness
5.0
Links
11trends at Moderate similarity or above
Composite
11.6

Attention over three years

How much this trend is read about on Wikipedia and searched for on Google, week by week, set against the typical trend in the list so that what moves every trend at once is taken out. 100 is this trend's own three-year average. The score measures public attention, which is not the same as the strength of the force: a trend can deepen unnoticed, and a news event can lift attention for a fortnight.

Now
76
Over a year
−11%Steady
Over three years
−33%
Peak
1524 Feb 2024
Sources
Bothagreement 0.92
Coverage
15languages · 48 nations

Trailing 4-week average. 100 is this trend’s three-year average.

By language

Wikipedia reading in each language edition where the trend’s pages are read enough to measure (15 of 28). Share is of all the readers counted.

LanguageShareNowOver a yearThree years
English49%75−15%
German14%72−10%
French7%108+40%
Spanish6%83+0%
Arabic6%77+12%
Russian5%70−21%
Italian3%70−12%
Chinese2%69−24%
Portuguese2%60−21%
Japanese1%81−24%
Persian1%96+35%
Ukrainian1%63−21%
Dutch1%67−46%
Korean1%76−17%
Hindi0%159+87%

By country

Google search interest over the three years, as a share of each country’s searching. 100 is the nation where interest is highest. The search terms are English, which favours countries that search in English.

Namibia

Denmark

Singapore

Oman

South Korea

China

India

Australia

United Kingdom

Nepal

United Arab Emirates

United States

100

18

14

10

8

7

7

6

6

5

5

5

The 12 highest of 48 nations with a reading.

By region and G20 member

Attention to this trend inside each place, from Google searches made in its countries and Wikipedia reading in the languages mostly read there, averaged where both exist. Each line compares the trend with its own past in that place; the lines do not compare places.

Regions

PlaceRead fromNow90 days1 year3 yearsThree years
North AmericaGoogle in 2 countries + Wikipedia in English72−10%−11%−49%
EuropeGoogle in 6 countries + Wikipedia in German, French, Italian, Dutch76−21%+0%−38%
Indo-PacificGoogle in 9 countries + Wikipedia in Japanese, Chinese, Korean80−18%−17%−32%
South AsiaGoogle in 2 countries + Wikipedia in Hindi120+19%+50%+20%
Gulf and Middle EastGoogle in 1 country + Wikipedia in Persian, Arabic50−43%+17%−71%
AfricaGoogle in 1 country108+34%+29%−42%
Latin America and CaribbeanGoogle in 3 countries + Wikipedia in Spanish, Portuguese74−29%+9%−50%
Russia and EurasiaWikipedia in Russian, Ukrainian68−19%−21%−43%

G20 members

PlaceRead fromNow90 days1 year3 yearsThree years
AustraliaGoogle65−14%−22%−50%
BrazilGoogle + Wikipedia in Portuguese64−11%−12%−67%
CanadaGoogle61−11%−12%−56%
FranceGoogle + Wikipedia in French81−18%+4%−33%
GermanyGoogle + Wikipedia in German69−27%−21%−45%
IndiaGoogle + Wikipedia in Hindi117+29%+28%+14%
IndonesiaGoogle1080%−11%+19%
ItalyGoogle + Wikipedia in Italian66−32%+35%−41%
JapanGoogle + Wikipedia in Japanese81−28%−29%−23%
South KoreaGoogle + Wikipedia in Korean74−21%−22%−36%
MexicoGoogle89−55%0%+5%
RussiaWikipedia in Russian70−17%−21%−45%
South AfricaGoogle108+34%+29%−42%
United KingdomGoogle51−30%−29%−63%
United StatesGoogle + Wikipedia in English73−11%−10%−48%

Relation to each scenario

A trend relates to a scenario when it changes how likely the scenario is, how hard it lands, or is itself sharply changed by it. Each score is the median of three scores given separately by the members of the model panel.

RelationScenarioFamily
4 · HighCheap firm clean power becomes available at scale S15 ↗Energy, climate and resources
1 · Very lowAI-directed research produces a reproducible discovery step S17 ↗Technology and infrastructure
0 · Not relatedCritical trade divides into rival blocs S01Economic and trade
0 · Not relatedA global funding seizure reaches sovereign balance sheets S02Economic and trade
0 · Not relatedA regional war closes a globally important sea route S03Geopolitical and security
0 · Not relatedHybrid coercion ends in an infrastructure blackout S04Geopolitical and security
0 · Not relatedA disputed transfer of power breaks effective government S05Geopolitical and security
0 · Not relatedTwo breadbasket failures trigger a food availability crisis S06Energy, climate and resources
0 · Not relatedA major disaster disables the national economic core S07Energy, climate and resources
0 · Not relatedAn AI deployment step causes abrupt labour displacement S08Technology and infrastructure
0 · Not relatedA cryptographic breakthrough invalidates digital trust S09Technology and infrastructure
0 · Not relatedA novel respiratory pathogen exceeds health surge capacity S10Health
0 · Not relatedA creditor agreement releases fiscal capacity S11 ↗Economic and trade
0 · Not relatedA cross-regional market access compact redirects investment S12 ↗Economic and trade
0 · Not relatedA great-power agreement lowers economic security barriers S13 ↗Geopolitical and security
0 · Not relatedA verified Middle East settlement restores access S14 ↗Geopolitical and security
0 · Not relatedA validated farming package raises water-efficient output S16 ↗Energy, climate and resources
0 · Not relatedA public service platform reaches inclusive operation S18 ↗Technology and infrastructure
0 · Not relatedAffordable preventive treatments reduce chronic illness S19 ↗Health
0 · Not relatedA live outbreak proves rapid distributed pandemic defence S20 ↗Health

Similarity = 0.3 × shared tags (Jaccard) + 0.3 × likeness of scenario profiles (cosine) + 0.3 × likeness of names and descriptions (TF-IDF cosine) + 0.1 if in the same capability domain, cut into seven levels at 0.12, 0.22, 0.33, 0.45, 0.58, 0.72. Shown at Moderate and above.

SimilarityTrendThemeRank
6 · CriticalCarbon capture, utilisation & storageTrade, industry & supply chains218
4 · HighSolar manufacturing cost declineTrade, industry & supply chains107
4 · HighAdvanced nuclear fissionTrade, industry & supply chains210
3 · ModerateBatteries & energy storageTrade, industry & supply chains42
3 · ModerateElectrification of heat & industryEnergy, networks & climate resilience70
3 · ModerateRenewable generation expansionEnergy, networks & climate resilience128
3 · ModerateCarbon border adjustmentsTrade, industry & supply chains186
3 · ModerateFusion energyTrade, industry & supply chains226
3 · ModerateCarbon pricing & environmental taxesTrade, industry & supply chains229
3 · ModerateEnhanced geothermalTrade, industry & supply chains232
3 · ModerateCircular materials & recyclingTrade, industry & supply chains237