Trend · rank 84 of 250

Informal employment persistence

Large shares of work remain outside contracts, tax and social insurance, limiting skill development, state revenue and the protection of workers as economic and technological conditions change.

Human CapitalPeople, health & workwork skillsinequalityinstitutions

Second pass: Carried forward from the first pass, where it was Informal employment. Held by all three panel models.

Sensitivity and network position

Rank
84of 250
Sensitivity
11.7rank 74
Breadth
0of 20 scenarios High or above
PageRank
45.2rank 64
Eigenvector
12.2
Betweenness
10.8
Links
16trends at Moderate similarity or above
Composite
25.8

Attention over three years

How much this trend is read about on Wikipedia and searched for on Google, week by week, set against the typical trend in the list so that what moves every trend at once is taken out. 100 is this trend's own three-year average. The score measures public attention, which is not the same as the strength of the force: a trend can deepen unnoticed, and a news event can lift attention for a fortnight.

Now
90
Over a year
+4%Steady
Over three years
−14%
Peak
1375 May 2024
Sources
Bothagreement 0.32
Coverage
14languages · 65 nations

Trailing 4-week average. 100 is this trend’s three-year average.

By language

Wikipedia reading in each language edition where the trend’s pages are read enough to measure (14 of 28). Share is of all the readers counted.

LanguageShareNowOver a yearThree years
English33%99+13%
Russian20%97−5%
German10%105+22%
Spanish10%77−18%
Japanese8%120+21%
French6%99+1%
Chinese3%139+61%
Italian3%95+15%
Portuguese2%86−13%
Polish2%84+6%
Arabic1%95+13%
Dutch1%77−0%
Indonesian0%136+87%
Turkish0%79−11%

By country

Google search interest over the three years, as a share of each country’s searching. 100 is the nation where interest is highest. The search terms are English, which favours countries that search in English.

Papua New Guinea

Zimbabwe

Botswana

South Africa

Zambia

Ghana

Tanzania

Kenya

Philippines

Uganda

Nigeria

Ethiopia

100

79

64

53

35

23

22

19

19

19

15

14

The 12 highest of 65 nations with a reading.

By region and G20 member

Attention to this trend inside each place, from Google searches made in its countries and Wikipedia reading in the languages mostly read there, averaged where both exist. Each line compares the trend with its own past in that place; the lines do not compare places.

Regions

PlaceRead fromNow90 days1 year3 yearsThree years
North AmericaGoogle in 1 country + Wikipedia in English93−2%+11%−11%
EuropeGoogle in 6 countries + Wikipedia in German, French, Italian, Polish, Dutch88−9%−1%−19%
Indo-PacificGoogle in 4 countries + Wikipedia in Japanese, Chinese, Indonesian107+15%+3%+13%
South AsiaGoogle in 1 country90−6%−4%−27%
Gulf and Middle EastGoogle in 1 country + Wikipedia in Arabic, Turkish89−1%−6%−25%
AfricaGoogle in 1 country64−53%−9%+78%
Latin America and CaribbeanGoogle in 2 countries + Wikipedia in Spanish, Portuguese89−7%+4%−21%
Russia and EurasiaWikipedia in Russian97+10%−5%+5%

G20 members

PlaceRead fromNow90 days1 year3 yearsThree years
BrazilGoogle + Wikipedia in Portuguese79−14%−21%−34%
FranceGoogle + Wikipedia in French104−21%+4%+15%
GermanyGoogle + Wikipedia in German91+11%−16%−20%
IndiaGoogle90−6%−4%−27%
IndonesiaGoogle + Wikipedia in Indonesian113+26%+23%+22%
ItalyGoogle + Wikipedia in Italian93+12%−2%−13%
JapanGoogle + Wikipedia in Japanese98+45%−3%−14%
MexicoGoogle133+5%+205%+46%
RussiaWikipedia in Russian97+10%−5%+5%
South AfricaGoogle64−53%−9%+78%
TürkiyeWikipedia in Turkish80−10%−11%−36%
United KingdomGoogle85−9%+28%−9%
United StatesGoogle + Wikipedia in English93−2%+11%−11%

Relation to each scenario

A trend relates to a scenario when it changes how likely the scenario is, how hard it lands, or is itself sharply changed by it. Each score is the median of three scores given separately by the members of the model panel.

RelationScenarioFamily
3 · ModerateA public service platform reaches inclusive operation S18 ↗Technology and infrastructure
2 · LowAn AI deployment step causes abrupt labour displacement S08Technology and infrastructure
2 · LowA novel respiratory pathogen exceeds health surge capacity S10Health
2 · LowA creditor agreement releases fiscal capacity S11 ↗Economic and trade
2 · LowAffordable preventive treatments reduce chronic illness S19 ↗Health
1 · Very lowA global funding seizure reaches sovereign balance sheets S02Economic and trade
1 · Very lowTwo breadbasket failures trigger a food availability crisis S06Energy, climate and resources
1 · Very lowA live outbreak proves rapid distributed pandemic defence S20 ↗Health
0 · Not relatedCritical trade divides into rival blocs S01Economic and trade
0 · Not relatedA regional war closes a globally important sea route S03Geopolitical and security
0 · Not relatedHybrid coercion ends in an infrastructure blackout S04Geopolitical and security
0 · Not relatedA disputed transfer of power breaks effective government S05Geopolitical and security
0 · Not relatedA major disaster disables the national economic core S07Energy, climate and resources
0 · Not relatedA cryptographic breakthrough invalidates digital trust S09Technology and infrastructure
0 · Not relatedA cross-regional market access compact redirects investment S12 ↗Economic and trade
0 · Not relatedA great-power agreement lowers economic security barriers S13 ↗Geopolitical and security
0 · Not relatedA verified Middle East settlement restores access S14 ↗Geopolitical and security
0 · Not relatedCheap firm clean power becomes available at scale S15 ↗Energy, climate and resources
0 · Not relatedA validated farming package raises water-efficient output S16 ↗Energy, climate and resources
0 · Not relatedAI-directed research produces a reproducible discovery step S17 ↗Technology and infrastructure

Similarity = 0.3 × shared tags (Jaccard) + 0.3 × likeness of scenario profiles (cosine) + 0.3 × likeness of names and descriptions (TF-IDF cosine) + 0.1 if in the same capability domain, cut into seven levels at 0.12, 0.22, 0.33, 0.45, 0.58, 0.72. Shown at Moderate and above.

SimilarityTrendThemeRank
4 · HighEntrenched opportunity inequalityPeople, health & work9
4 · HighFoundational learning deficitsPeople, health & work162
3 · ModerateCivil service capability & payState capacity & governance2
3 · ModerateSocial protection coverage gapsState capacity & governance13
3 · ModerateTechnical & occupational skill shortagesPeople, health & work19
3 · ModerateOfficial statistics & data capacityState capacity & governance21
3 · ModerateHealth workforce scarcityPeople, health & work48
3 · ModerateAI & knowledge-work automationPeople, health & work53
3 · ModerateCare labour demand growthPeople, health & work86
3 · ModeratePopulation ageingPeople, health & work96
3 · ModerateReproductive, maternal & child healthPeople, health & work123
3 · ModerateAlgorithmic accountability & biasState capacity & governance135
3 · ModerateYouth population expansionPeople, health & work146
3 · ModerateYouth employment exclusionPeople, health & work177
3 · ModerateGraduate skill mismatchPeople, health & work178
3 · ModerateGender participation divergencePeople, health & work192